Bibliography.

References:

Etc.usf.edu, (2015). What is bit depth? » Images » Windows »  Tech Ease. [online] Available at: http://etc.usf.edu/techease/win/images/what-is-bit-depth/ [Accessed 24 Sep. 2015].

My Graphics Blog, (2013). Bit Depth, Sampling, Bits Per Pixel, Monochrome, High & True Colour. [online] Available at: https://07268grum.wordpress.com/2013/11/07/bit-depth-sampling-bits-per-pixel-monochrome-high-true-colour [Accessed 24 Sep. 2015].

My Graphics Blog, (2013). Image Capture, Scanners, Digital Cameras, Resolution & Storage. [online] Available at: https://07268grum.wordpress.com/2013/11/12/image-capture-scanners-digital-cameras-resolution-storage/ [Accessed 24 Sep. 2015].

My Graphics Blog, (2013). Optimising, Target Destination, Bit Depth, Resolution, Dimensions & Intended Image Output. [online] Available at: https://07268grum.wordpress.com/2013/11/13/optimising-target-destination-bit-depth-resolution-dimensions-intended-image-output/ [Accessed 24 Sep. 2015].

Photo, D. (2015). Introduction to Color Spaces. [online] Drycreekphoto.com. Available at: http://www.drycreekphoto.com/Learn/color_spaces.htm [Accessed 24 Sep. 2015].

profile, V. (2011). Digital Graphics: Image capture. [online] Jackwt1995-jackwt.blogspot.co.uk. Available at: http://jackwt1995-jackwt.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/image-capture.html [Accessed 24 Sep. 2015].

profile, V. (2011). Digital Graphics: Optimising. [online] Jackwt1995-jackwt.blogspot.co.uk. Available at: http://jackwt1995-jackwt.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/optimising.html [Accessed 24 Sep. 2015].

Softpixel.com, (2015). YUV Colorspace. [online] Available at: http://softpixel.com/~cwright/programming/colorspace/yuv/ [Accessed 24 Sep. 2015].

Optimising.

Optimising:

Increasing the efficiency or general performance of something is known as "Optmimising". When involving graphics, optmimising involves creating a just balance so the quality of the image along with the file size are reasonable enough, this is usually  done if you optimise certain factors. Along with this is 'Target Destination', which is where a graphic can be located in a network. However, in order for this to be successful, it is vital to have a certain folder to intend all graphics. Bit Depth, Dimensions, Resolution and Intended Image output all differ when it involves target destination. For example, if a person was intending to import a picture onto the web, the easiest format of an image would be a 'JPEG' as it loads quickly and would be fit for use. Also, bit depth formats can have a slower loading time, but a more higher quality result, or a faster loading time then having the chance of poorer quality.Within dimensions, you can control the dimensions of the graphic which you intend to use, by making the image larger or smaller depending on the purpose of the purpose of the image. However, when changing the the volume within dimensions the graphics will stay the same, but there is larger image space needed to cover. When it comes to Resolution, you can optimise the file size along with the file quality at the same time. When optimising the file size in resolution, if you also decide to make the file size smaller, it will then effect the quality of the image to being very poor. Intended image output, is essential to figure out if you were wanting to create graphics that not only fit on a webpage successfully, but also to a decent and pleasing standard when being accessed on computers.

Image Capture.

Image Capture:

Image capture is different ways a person can get an image, whether they take it with a camera, scan or create it. For example, a scanner is a device which scans images, handwriting, printed text, or an object. It can then transforms it into a digital image. Depending on the quality of the scanner, the quality of the image can be extremely good or very poor. However, scanners have progressed and have become very reliant over the years, as you are now able to scan work you need, and can then send it to your personal email address. Digital cameras are one of the easiest ways to capture an image as all you have to do is simply press a button and the capture is instant. There are two types of digital camera, SLR and compact. However, the difference between the two is that an SLR is more professional and tends to cost more, where as a compact camera just take ordinary standard images. Involved in this is camera resolution, which is measured in mega pixels, image file resolution is measured in either pixels per inch (ppi) or pixel dimensions. Storage within images depends on the amount of memory that the actual computer has and the file size of the image, often to reduce the file size when saving the image, the format of the image can be changed to formats such as JPEGS etc.

Colour Space.

Colour Space:

Colour space, simply describes the wide range of colours, that a camera can see when taking a photo, a printer can print, or a monitor can display. Colour space can also be known as “Colour model”, and within colour space a range of colours can be created by using the primary colours of pigment.  There are a variety of colour spaces such as, RGB, CMY, HSV etc. RGB (Red, Green, Blue) is a colour space which uses red, green and blue to elaborate a colour model. An RGB format can be interpreted as “all possible colours”.  YUV, the 'Y', determines the brightness of the colour which can also be known as “luma” or “luminance”,the U and V components determine the colour itself (the chroma). HSV (Hue, saturation and value) is a colour model that describes colours (hue or tint) depending on their shade, (saturation or amount of grey) and brightness (value or luminance).  Along with this is another colour space which is,Grey-scale. Grey-scale is a range of shades of grey, without apparent colour. The darkest possible shade within grey-scale is black, and the lightest possible shade is white.

Image source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Colorspace.png

Bit Depth.

Bit Depth:

The colour information stored in an image is known as "Bit Depth", within bit depth, the higher the bit depth of an image the more colour it can store. Simple images, which can be a 1 bit image, can only store two colours which are black and white. However, an 8 bit image can store 256 possible colours, while a 24 bit image can display around 16 million colours. Within bit depth, is bit “monochrome” which can also be known as a “binary image”. In a binary image, only two colours can represent each pixel, these colours are, black and white. However, only some pieces of hardware can handle images that are binary for example, laser printers, fax machines etc. These binary images are usually small files and are mostly stored in the bitmap format. In addition to this, high colour graphics is also a method involved within bit depth. High colour graphics is a method which involves image information, which is stored so that every single pixel is represented by two bytes. Usually, the colour will be represented using all of the 16 bytes however, some systems will support 15 bytes. 15 bit high colour allows for 32’768 possible colours. In 16 bit, the green component is usually selected for the extra bit, this is because the users eye is more sensitive to green shades rather than red or blue shades. 16 bit will  also provide 65, 536 colour options. True colour, usually involves around 256 shades of red, green and blue, this then provides a total of at least 16, 777, 216 coloured type variations, each individual pixel has one byte which is used for each channel. Systems with more than 8 bits per channel are usually referred to as true colour.  Along with this, sampling in bit depth also occurs. The higher the sample rates, the greater the accuracy, which then gives a better digital representation to the users eye.

  

 Image source: https://documentation.apple.com/en/finalcutpro/usermanual/Art/L01/L0108_BitGraph.png 

Vector Images.

Vector Images:


Rather than pixels, vector images are made up of objects of mathematical equations . Vector images  render at the highest quality, the objects  within vector images may consist of lines curves and shapes, however they have editable attributes such as colour, fill and outline. When changing attributes of a vector object, it does not effect the object itself. You can simply change numbers of  the object attributes without destroying the basic object itself. An object within a vector image can easily be modified by  changing its attributes,  but also by shaping and transforming it using nodes along with control handles. In addition to this, vector graphics are also scalable, meaning that you can resize them, without losing the quality. Also, in the book “Importing Graphics”, it states that  “Vector graphics are simple and graphic in nature. They are a good choice for creating high-contrast, geometric art or art with limited colour shifts.”


 

Created by using Adobe Flash.

Raster Images.

Raster Images:

Raster images are digitally created on screen or captured, it generally represents  a rectangular grid of pixels or points of colour which are viewable on a monitor , paper for example, (if an image has been scanned) or another display medium. In the compression of a raster image, ‘Lossy’ along with ‘Lossless’ are terms which describe whether or not original data can be recovered when an image is uncompressed. Lossless compression is includes every piece of data within a file remaining after the file is uncompressed and all of the data is restored. In comparison to this, Lossy compression results in losing data within a file, along with quality.  This usually occurs in file extensions such as JPEGS, BMP, and sometimes GIF, however it can depend on the GIF format. However, according to the book “Controlling Image Output”, it states that a GIF is usually in the compression of Loseless.

Image source: http://vector-conversions.com/images/raster_vs_vector_1.jpg

Pixel.

Pixel:


Within the concept on digital imaging, “Pixel” is the abbreviation of the word “picture element”. A picture element is a physical point in a raster image which is the smallest discrete component within an image featured in technology. Image resolution is an important factor within picture elements as it shows the detail an image holds, higher resolution within images means more detail which is then more pleasing to the eye. Along with this, another important factor within picture elements is intensity which is a variable. Intensity is typically characterized by three or four component intensities such as, red, green, and blue, along with cyan, magenta, yellow and black.